To learn the augmented chords, all you do is raise the last note of the major chord a half step. For example:
The C major chord is (C, E, G), so the C augmented chord is (C, E, G#). The last note G is raised a half step to G#.
The Db major chord is (Db, F, Ab), so the D flat augmented chord is (Db, F, A). The last note Ab is raised a half step to A.